词汇 | burden |
例句 | 1.n. 负担,义务,(举证)责任,载重,障碍,限制,负荷,制造费用,间接费用 2.v. 负担 Q.~account 制造费用账 ~application method 制造费用分摊办法 ~center 间接费用中心 ~charge 制造费用 ~cost 一般费用,杂费 ~-credit account 已分配负荷账户,间接费分配账户 ~schedule 制造费用明细表 ~share 间接制造成本,(间接)费用分摊份额 ~sheet =~schedule P.~in process 在制费用 ~of adducing evidence举证责任 ~of allegation(诉讼中当事人的)诉辩责任,(也称为~of pleading) ~of argument抗辩责任 ~of contract履行合同责任 ~ of going forward with evidence举证责任(指当事人出示充足证据协助事实认证的责任,也称为~of production,~of producing evidence, production~, degree of proof) ~of persuading the trier 说服事实审人的责任 ~ of persuasion说服责任(指当事人说服事实裁决人相信自己所举事实的责任) ~of pleading(当事人的)诉辩责任(cf.~of allegation) ~ of producing evidence举证责任(cf.~of going forward with evidence) ~ of production(当事人的)举证责任(cf.~of going forward with evidence) ~ of proof 证明责任(指有必要对有争执的事实加以肯定的证明的责任,也称为 onus probandi,其包括~of production 和~of persuasion),(当事人)说服法院相信自己所举事实的责任(等同~of persuasion) ~of proving that he was guilty证明他有罪的责任 ~of rebuttal 提出相反证据的责任 O.~ed with debts 债务累累 a~on interstate commerce州际贸易的障碍 the easement created a~on the estate地役权对该不动产产生了一种限制 the seller's~to insure the shipped goods卖方有责任为装运的货物担保 Com.:burden of proof, burden of production, burden of persuasion均和当事人对证据的责任相关,以往不少人基本都把它们笼统地译为“举证责任”,其实在英美法中,它们是有一定差异的。其中, burden of proof为“证明责任”(其也称为 onus probandi),其包含有burden of production和burden of persuasion两术语的含义,即既“举证”,又“说服”,此便是当事人必须承担的用证据证明指控或断言的真实性的责任;广义上讲,其也等同 burden of persuasion。而burden of production则为“举证责任”,指当事人必须就诉争问题提供充足证据以供事实裁定人作出正确裁决,其也称为 burden of going forward with evidence、burden of producing evidence、production burden和degree of proof。而burden of persuasion则为“说服责任”,指当事人应说服事实裁定人相信自己所举事实的责任,其也称为 persuasion burden、risk of non-persuasion、risk of jury doubt,广义上讲,其也等于 burden of proof |
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