1.n. 证据（包括言辞证据、书证、物证）,证据证明事实（也称为 evidential fact, fact in～）,凭证,证据法,人证2.v. 作证,证明,以证据支持See: admissible～; autoptic～; best～; character～; circumstantial～; clear and convincing～; communicative～; competent～; conclusive～; concomitant～; conflicting～; corroborating～; credible～; critical～; cumulative～; demeanor～; demonstrative～; derivative～; direct～; documentary～; exclusive～; exculpatory～; expert～; extrajudicial～; extraneous～; extrinsic～; fabricated～; forensic～; habit～; hearsay～; illegally obtained～; illustrative～; immaterial～; impeachment～; incompetent～; incriminating～; inculpatory～; indirect～; indispensable～; insufficient～; intrinsic～; judicial～; legal～; material～; mathematical～; mediate～; medical～; moral～; multiple～; negative～; newly discovered～; no～; oblique～; opinion～; original～; parol～; partial～; personal～; positive～; preappointed～; preliminary～; presumptive～; prima facie～; primary～; privileged～; probable～; probative～; proffered～; proper～; prospectant～; Queen's～; real～; rebuttal～; relevant～; reputation～; satisfactory～; scientific～; secondary～; secondhand～; signature～; slight～; state's～; substantial～; substantive～; substitutionary～; sufficient～; tangible～; testimonial～; traditionary～; unwritten～
Q.～act证据法

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～codes 证据法典（如California～Code《加利福尼亚证据法典》）

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～effect证据效力

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～matters凭证事项

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～obtained by polygraph由测谎器获取的证据

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～Ordinance《诉讼证据条例》

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～preservative measures 证据保全措施

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～record凭证记录

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～rules 证据规则（指有关证据的可采性的规则）
P.～at assessment 课税根据

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～by deposition笔录供词

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～by inspection 直观证据,可视物证（也称为demonstrative～）

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～for keeping account记账凭证

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～for the defense 被告证人,答辩证据

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～for the prosecution 原告证人,控告证据,检控证据

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～in chief负证明责任之当事人的举证,主要证据（证明主张或辩护的证据）

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～in rebuttal（原告用以）反驳的证据

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～in support of alibi 证明被告不在（犯罪）现场的证据

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～in writing文字证据,书面证据

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～of a crime罪证

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～of conformity（货物）符合要求的证明

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～of conformity符合要求的证据

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～of damage残损证明,损害证据

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～of debt借据,债券

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～of fact事实证据

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～of guilt有罪证据,罪证

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～of identity身份证据,鉴别证据

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～of infringement 侵权证据

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～of innocence无罪证据

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～of insurability投保资格证据（如医疗检查、病历等以证明投保人是否具备投保资格）

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～of negligence过失证据

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～of origin原产地证明

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～of payment付款凭证

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～of payment of duty完税凭证

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～of previous convictions前科的证据

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～of similar facts相同事实的证据

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～of title所有权证据（尤指有关土地的地契等）

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～on affidavit宣誓证据

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～on appeal上诉证据

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～outside the instrument票据外的证据

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～outside the instrument票据外的证据

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～to contrary 相反证据

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～upon oath宣誓证词
O.～aliunde 旁证（指与合同相关源于其他渊源而非合同本身之证据,如双方当事人的陈述或协议场景等,也称为extrinsic～, extraneous～, parol～）

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～both pro and con正反两方面的证据

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～completed 举证结束

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～de bene esse 由非审讯录取的证供

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～proving innocence证明无罪的证据

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～reasonably tending to support verdict 合理提交的以支持裁决的证据

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～received by jury为陪审团所接受的证据

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～to prove guilt证明有罪的证据

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～to support findings 支持裁定的证据

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answering～申辩材料

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irrelevant～无相关性证据

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perpetuation of～证据保全

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physical～物证

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preponderance of the～占有优势的证据（cf. clear and convincing proof）

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preponderant～优势证据

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specific～具体证据

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Com.：在美国, evidence（证据）之类型（types of evidence）基本可分为两种,即直接（direct evidence）和间接证据（indirect evidence）或旁证（circumstantial evidence）。证据又可分为三种基本形式（forms of evidence）,即言词证据（testimonial evidence）,实物证据（tangible evidence）和司法认知（judicial notice）。其中,实物证据即案件中的“展示物品”（physical exhibit）,其包括实在证据（real evidence）和示意证据（demonstrative evidence）。实在证据指案件中如凶器等“实实在在的东西”,而示意证据则指能表明案件某些情况的视听材料,如现场模型和图示等。司法认知是指无须专门证明即可由法官确认的事实。证据一般有三大规则：即相关性（relevant）,可采性（competent或admissible）和实质性（material）,与之相对则为无相关性（irrelevant）,不可采性（incompetent）和非实质性（immaterial）